Barbara Stiegler, a Nietzsche scholar and author of a book on neoliberalism, writes, together with historian Christophe Pébarthe, also from the University of Bordeaux–Montaigne, on the issues and challenges that 20th-century neoliberalism, as a new political phenomenon, poses to democracy in relation to 19th-century liberalism. The course of this reflection leads to the historical – Greek – sources of democracy.