Down the ages, human animals have looked to other animals to confirm their own superiority or inferiority, to vindicate or vilify themselves, and to establish their own identity and otherness, by examining what sets them apart and what they have in common. Humans have either exalted or condemned animals, casting them as gods or demons, sovereigns or slaves, tormentors or victims, free or captive, living beings with their own dignity or merely disposable objects.